Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the whole wheat penne according to the package directions.
During the final 3 minutes of the pasta cooking time, add the broccoli florets to the boiling water to blanch them until they are tender-crisp.
Reserve 0.25 cup of the starchy pasta water, then drain the pasta and broccoli together.
While the pasta cooks, heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat and add the chicken breast seasoned with the sea salt, black pepper, and onion powder.
Cook the chicken for 5 to 7 minutes until golden and cooked through, then add the minced garlic and sauté for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Reduce the skillet heat to low, then stir in the plain Greek yogurt, grated parmesan cheese, and the reserved pasta water to create a smooth, creamy sauce.
Toss the cooked pasta and broccoli into the skillet, stirring gently to coat every piece in the garlic sauce before serving warm.