Cook soba noodles in boiling water for 4-5 minutes, then drain and rinse with cold water to prevent sticking.
In a small bowl, whisk together the tamari, fresh lime juice, and chili paste to create the zesty sauce base.
Heat the toasted sesame oil in a large skillet or wok over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Add the shrimp to the pan, seasoning with sea salt and black pepper, and sauté for 2-3 minutes until pink and opaque.
Push the shrimp to the side of the pan, crack the egg into the empty space, and scramble until just set.
Toss in the shredded purple cabbage and bean sprouts, stir-frying for 1 minute until the vegetables are slightly wilted but still crisp.
Add the cooked soba noodles and the prepared chili-lime sauce to the wok, tossing everything together for 1-2 minutes until thoroughly coated and heated through.
Garnish the dish with chopped green onions and fresh cilantro before serving immediately.