Thinly slice the yellow onion into half-moons.
Heat 0.5 tsp of olive oil in a non-stick skillet over medium-low heat, add the onions and a pinch of salt, and cook until golden brown and soft, about 12 minutes.
Stir the balsamic vinegar into the onions and cook for 1 additional minute before removing them from the pan.
Season the steak with sea salt and black pepper on both sides.
Increase the skillet heat to medium-high and add the remaining 0.5 tsp of olive oil.
Sear the steak for 3-4 minutes per side for medium-rare, then transfer to a cutting board to rest for 5 minutes.
Slice the sourdough roll in half and lightly toast it in the skillet or a toaster.
Thinly slice the rested steak against the grain.
Spread the Dijon mustard on the bottom half of the roll, then layer with arugula, the sliced steak, and the balsamic onions.