Bring a pot of water to a boil and cook the soba noodles for 4-5 minutes until tender, then drain and rinse with cold water.
In a small jar, whisk together the tamari, lime juice, red chili flakes, minced garlic, and grated ginger until well combined.
Heat the toasted sesame oil in a large non-stick skillet or wok over medium-high heat.
Add the shrimp to the hot skillet, season with sea salt and black pepper, and sauté for 2-3 minutes until pink and opaque.
Push the shrimp to the outer edges of the pan and crack the egg into the center, scrambling it quickly until fully cooked.
Add the cooked noodles, shredded carrots, and bean sprouts to the skillet, tossing everything together.
Pour the prepared chili-lime sauce over the mixture and cook for another 2 minutes, stirring constantly to coat every strand.
Remove from heat and garnish with sliced green onions and chopped peanuts for a satisfying crunch.