Pat the beef chuck roast dry with paper towels and season all sides evenly with the sea salt and black pepper.
Heat the olive oil in a heavy-bottomed pot or Dutch oven over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Place the beef in the pot and sear for 3-4 minutes per side until a deep brown crust has formed, then remove the beef and set it aside.
Lower the heat to medium and add the diced onions, sliced carrots, and minced garlic to the pot, sautéing until the onions are translucent.
Stir in the tomato paste and cook for 1 minute to caramelize the sugars before pouring in the red wine to deglaze the pan.
Scrape the bottom of the pot to release the browned bits, then return the beef to the pot along with the beef broth, thyme, and bay leaf.
Bring the liquid to a light boil, then reduce the heat to low, cover tightly, and simmer for 2 to 3 hours until the beef is fork-tender.
Discard the bay leaf and thyme sprig before serving the beef with the thickened braising liquid and vegetables.