In a small mixing bowl, whisk together the minced chipotle peppers in adobo, lime juice, ground cumin, sea salt, and black pepper to create the marinade.
Slice the chicken breast into even, bite-sized pieces and toss them in the marinade until thoroughly coated.
Heat the olive oil in a large non-stick skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Add the marinated chicken to the skillet and sauté for 5 to 6 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the pieces are golden brown and fully cooked through.
Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside on a plate.
In the same skillet, add the sliced bell peppers and red onions, sautéing for 3 to 4 minutes until they are tender-crisp and have developed a slight char.
Add the rinsed black beans and cooked quinoa to the skillet with the vegetables, stirring for 1 to 2 minutes just to warm them through and incorporate the pan flavors.
Assemble the bowl by layering the quinoa and bean mixture at the bottom, followed by the sautéed vegetables and the spicy chipotle chicken.
Garnish the bowl with freshly chopped cilantro and serve immediately with an extra lime wedge if desired.