Pat the beef chuck cubes completely dry with a paper towel and season them on all sides with the sea salt and black pepper.
Heat the olive oil in a heavy-bottomed pot over medium-high heat and sear the beef in batches until a deep, golden-brown crust forms.
Remove the beef from the pot and add the cremini mushrooms, sliced carrots, and pearl onions, sautéing until the vegetables are lightly browned.
Stir in the minced garlic and tomato paste, cooking for one minute until the mixture is fragrant and the paste has darkened slightly.
Pour in the dry red wine to deglaze the pan, using a wooden spoon to scrape up the browned bits from the bottom of the pot.
Return the seared beef to the pot along with the beef broth, fresh thyme sprig, and the whole bay leaf.
Bring the liquid to a gentle boil, then reduce the heat to low, cover, and simmer for 90 minutes until the beef is fork-tender.
Remove the thyme sprig and bay leaf before serving the stew in warm bowls.