Halve the onion and ginger, then char them in a dry skillet over medium-high heat until the surfaces are blackened and fragrant.
Combine the vegetable broth, charred aromatics, star anise, cinnamon, shiitake mushrooms, sea salt, and black pepper in a large pot.
Bring the broth to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 20 minutes to allow the spices to infuse deeply.
While the broth simmers, cook the brown rice noodles according to package directions, then drain and set aside.
Slice the extra firm tofu into bite-sized cubes and sear them in a pan with toasted sesame oil and tamari until golden on all sides.
Strain the broth into a clean pot, discarding the onion, ginger, and whole spices, but reserve the mushrooms to add back in.
Divide the noodles, tofu, and edamame into large bowls, pour the steaming broth over them, and top with bean sprouts, herbs, jalapeño, and lime.