Pat the beef chuck stew meat dry with paper towels and season evenly with sea salt and black pepper.
Heat the extra virgin olive oil in a heavy-bottomed pot or Dutch oven over medium-high heat.
Add the beef to the pot and sear until a deep brown crust forms on all sides, then remove the beef and set aside.
In the same pot, add the pearl onions, sliced carrots, and halved cremini mushrooms, sautéing for 5 minutes until the vegetables begin to soften.
Stir in the minced garlic and tomato paste, cooking for 1 minute until the mixture is fragrant and the paste darkens slightly.
Pour in the dry red wine to deglaze the pan, using a wooden spoon to scrape up the flavorful browned bits from the bottom.
Return the beef to the pot along with the beef broth, fresh thyme sprig, and bay leaf.
Bring the liquid to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low, cover, and cook for 60 to 90 minutes until the beef is fork-tender.
Discard the bay leaf and thyme sprig before serving the stew warm in a shallow bowl.