Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C) and line a large sheet pan with parchment paper for easy cleanup.
Dice the chicken breast, sweet potato, bell pepper, and red onion into uniform 1-inch cubes to ensure even cooking.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the chicken and chopped vegetables with olive oil, chili powder, cumin, garlic powder, salt, and pepper.
Toss everything thoroughly until the chicken and vegetables are well-coated in the spice mixture.
Spread the mixture in a single layer across the prepared baking sheet, ensuring nothing is overcrowded.
Roast in the oven for 20 to 25 minutes, tossing the ingredients halfway through the cooking time.
During the last 5 minutes of roasting, add the rinsed black beans to the pan to warm them through.
Remove from the oven once the chicken is cooked through and the sweet potatoes are fork-tender.
Drizzle the entire pan with fresh lime juice and serve topped with sliced avocado.