Preheat your oven to 400°F and line a large baking sheet with parchment paper for easy cleanup.
Peel and cube the sweet potato into half-inch pieces, then toss them with 0.5 tbsp of olive oil and half of the chili powder, sea salt, and black pepper.
Spread the sweet potatoes in a single layer on the baking sheet and roast for 20-25 minutes until they are tender and caramelized on the edges.
While the potatoes roast, prepare the salsa by combining the diced mango, finely diced red onion, chopped fresh cilantro, and lime juice in a small bowl.
Pat the shrimp dry with paper towels and season them evenly with the remaining chili powder, sea salt, and black pepper.
Heat the remaining 0.5 tbsp of olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Add the shrimp to the skillet in a single layer and sear for 2-3 minutes per side until they are pink, opaque, and slightly charred.
Divide the roasted sweet potatoes between plates, top with the pan-seared shrimp, and finish with a generous scoop of the fresh mango salsa.